Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland. Responsible practice in Polish business is still in its infancy as a part of comprehensive partnership approach to deal with economic shock in CEE countries. As such it presents a range of new opportunities and challenges for education.

Research Projects
THE CRS PLATRORM: "European Platform for Excellence in CSR Research". Coordinated by the European Academy of Business in Society and with the support of the European Union 6th Framework Programme (FP6) this project aims to address the shortcomings of a fragmented and diffuse European Corporate Social Responsibility research agenda. It will achieve its goals through a structured and dynamic programme of cooperation where academic institutions and relevant stakeholders will have a real opportunity to influence the setting of research priorities as well as the use and exploitation of research findings.

THE 'RESPONSE' PROJECT: ""Understanding and Responding to Societal Demands on Corporate Responsibility". The largest research effort to date in Europe to study systematically the concept and the application of Corporate Social Responsibility supported by the European Union 6th Framework Programme (FP6). The research program proposed by the consortium aims to study the nature of societal demands on business organisations' decisions and actions from a business strategy perspective.

Research projects supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science:

• Implementation of Ethical Codes in Local Administration
• Application of the Double Effect Doctrine in the Ethical Analysis of Economic Activity.

Warsaw but also with cooperation with our associates from all over the world. Below listed are some of our initiatives which indicate TIGER wide international oriented activities:

• The TIGER Scientific Board includes a dozen distinguished scholars from leading research institutions from all over the world, including Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Poland, Russia, Tanzania, Nigeria and the USA. Professor Robert A. Mundell – the 1999 Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics, has been the Chairman of the TIGER Scientific  Board since 2001. Among members of the Board is also Professor Justin Yifu Lin, who has been nominated to the  position of the Senior Vice-President for Development and Chief Economist of the World Bank;
• TIGER’s delivers most of its publications (TIGER Working Papers, 110 issues, Distinguished Lectures, 20 issues, and a number of books) in English;
• Results of the research conducted at TIGER have been published by well-known publishing houses, like Oxford University Press, Palgrave McMillan, Ashgate, or Nova Science and in many international journals;
• Most (10 of 12) of the conferences organized by TIGER had been of an international character;
• TIGER takes a part in various international scientific activities, research projects or research consortia.

One good example of numerous TIGER’s activities is international conference on Globalization and Social Stress which took place at the Kozminski Business School on the 23rd and 24th of October 2003. That event was result of the research project conducted by TIGER jointly with Yale University.  The conference was addressed by Professor Robert A. Mundell from Columbia University and papers were provided by well known scholars from leading international research institutions. Results of the research project have been published by Yale University and Nova Science.
Particular TIGER’s researchers are also active in the international research market.

Director of TIGER – Professor Grzegorz W. Kolodko is a renowned scholar not only because of his publications but also because of his research activities conducted in many institutions from all over the world. The most important places where he has conducted his research are:

• International Monetary Fund,
• World Bank,
• WIDER,
• Yale University, USA,
• UCLA,
• Rochester, NY,
• Peking University,
• Moscow Academy of Economics and Law.

Professor Kolodko's list of publications in English includes about 160 positions, including 10 books. He has published his works worldwide in 24 languages in over 40 countries. He has been awarded with the Doctorate Honoris Causa by Lvov University (Ukraine) in 2003 and by the South West University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu (China), in 2004, and has received the Honorary Professorships from India Institute of Finance, New Delhi, in 2004, from Nankai University, Tianjin (China), in 2004, and from Moscow Academy of Economics and Law (Russia) in 2005.

Other researchers from TIGER also take part in the international scientific activities by participating in the international conferences or acting as visiting fellow, for example:

• Dr Marcin Piatkowski – WIDER, OECD, Harvard University, IMF;
  
• Dr Jacek Tomkiewicz – OECD, Stanford University, University of Brighton;
  
• Andrzej Bolesta – Yale University, Peking University;
  
• Dr Malgorzata Runiewicz – Harvard University.

in International Management together with Prof. S. King and Prof. P. Sanders. 15 books are featured in the series. I co-edited with Donald P. Cushman collective book Organizational Communication and Management. A Global Perspective Albany: SUNY Press 1993 and co authored with Krzysztof Obłój and Donald P. Cushman a monograph Winning. Continuous Improvement Theory in  High Performance Organizations Albany: SUNY Press 1995.

During my years at UCLA  (Anderson Graduate School of Management) 1990 – 1996 I started cooperation with George S. Yip (after UCLA, Professor at Cambrige, London Business School and at present dean at Roterdam School of Management). Prof. Yip is an author of widely known Total Global Strategy Theory. We decide to apply this concept to the emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe. Leon Kozminski Academy provided funding for research project including 16 management scholars from Baltic States, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine. Project took 3 years from 1993 to 1999. In 2000 Macmillan Business in the UK and St. Martin’s Press in the US published a volume Strategies for Central and Eastern Europe co edited by George S. Yip and myself and featuring chapters by the above mentioned 16 scholars.

Between 1998 and 2002 Kozminski University Research Fund was financing research on leadership conducted by Prof. Mary Jo Hatch from The University of Virginia in the US,  Prof. Monika Kostera from Warsaw University and Vaxjo University in Sweden and myself. Research was focused on combination of three aspects of leadership: managerial, artistic and spiritual. Meticulous content analysis of interviews with world class business leaders published by Harvard Business Review was presented in a book: Mary Jo Hatch, Monika Kostera, Andrzej K. Koźmiński The Three Faces of Leadership: Manager, Artist, Priest Blackwell Publishing 2005. Chinese translation appeared in 2007 published by Economy and Management Publishing House from Beijing. Our theory of leadership was presented in 2006 at American Academy of Management meetings and Organizational Dynamics (vol. 35 Nr. 1 2006: 49-68) published our article presenting three dimensional concept of leadership.

then the Kozminski University, were rich in experience and personal knowledge.. concerning platforms, places, modes, conditions, opportunities and threats involved in operations of a modern business school.

Trying to assess the reasons of our undisputable success on Polish, European and global markets, the knowledge concerning principles of functioning of those markets loom as the most important factor.

The small group of “founding fathers”of both International Business School and of Kozminski University, was quite knowledgeable about the necessary conditions of success on the academic field. But even more important than that knowledge was probably the rich network of personal ties with the most eminent scholars and teachers in the field of broadly understood management. This network has been constructed gradually, but consequently through joint research, publications, and instruction. Still under the communism, quite a large group of Polish academics in the management field managed to build close relations with the world leading scholars and academics. Relatively heavy traffic across Atlantic, and within the European Region, resulted in lots of support for our initial trials and attempts.     

Even the name of the School, its initial mission, and way of operation were established during intellectual debates with the leading scholars from Babson College, UCLA, and a group of the leading British faculty coming from the United Kingdom, and financed by the British Know-How Fund. With time we broadened, and diversified this group of people, with some of them willing to serve for a longer time as a visiting faculty attached to a given Chair, and responsible for a given course rather than occasional lecturer only.

Obviously, the very presence of these people results in constantly growing diversification of research field, and consequently enriches the course portfolio.
The very „dynamics of the system” can be best described by concrete examples coming from different organizational units of the School:
In late 1995 a Kozminski University Professor Stefan Kwiatkowski was offered participation in the European Union supported research program on “Technical Consultancy in Hungary, Poland and the UK”. The principal investigator was Professor David Kirby, then from Durham University. Besides Kirby and Kwiatkowski the other team members were:

• Dylan Jones-Evans from Univesity of Glamorgan, Wales,
• Joachim Schwalbach from Humboldt Univesity of Berlin,
• Peter Futo, a Research Fellow at the Foundation for Market Economy in Budapest.

The first task of the investigators was to define  “technical consultancy”. Upon a long discussion Kwiatkowski’s definition was accepted, and later used for the purpose of the study:
            “Intellectual component,
                  contributing
                       to value creation
                            in a client  
                                    organization
                                           through
                                               technology development”.
After a few months for reporting research results to its founders, Kwiatkowski was approached by Professor Bengt Johannisson  from Lund University and Vaxjo University, to conduct  the empirical study of intellectual entrepreneurship in Poland. Sweden, and the USA. Another participant in this research was to be Professor Thomas Dandridge from New York State University at Albany. The first administrative job of the research team was to define intellectual entrepreneur, and to select individual entrepreneurs willing to give us an interviews.  

With Professor Dandridge leaving NYS for retirement  in California, the research team practically ceased  to exist. But for two other team members the research subject was found so attractive that we decided to carry on with interviewing.

Financial costs this time were covered by the Polish government which found this research not only interesting but also useful in reforming Polish educational system. Another contributor was UNESCO which established at Kozminski University premises the endowed Chair in Intellectual Entrepreneurship in the World of Work and Higher Education for Sustainable Development. Consequently, while trying to carry on our initial research, we started  to organize really small and short time seminars aimed at identification of individuals and organizations conducting research around the territory of the intellectual entrepreneurship.

Following such a conference, which we called  “knowledge café for intellectual entrepreneuership”, we try  to publish a collective book with the papers presented during real seminar and eventually corrected afterwards.  Starting in1999 we published so far 5 volumes in English, followed by only one volume with extremely interesting papers translated into Polish language.

With around 50  contributors, mainly from outside Kozminski University , knowledge café seminars and publications constitute the very basis for effective functioning of  “invisible college” of contemporary and future entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship performed in knowledge dense environment – intellectual entrepreneurship, to express it clearly enough.

Each volume has Stefan Kwiatkowski as the senior editor, and one occasional junior editor who performs this role one time only. The junior editors of the books in the knowledge café series have been so far:

• Leif Edvinsson, presently professor at Lund University, formerly – the first ever Corporate Director of Intellectual Capital at Scandia Corporation.
• Charles Stowe, the first American to earn Ph.D. from Warsaw University School of Management. Retired Navy Captain. Former Professor of Kozminski University. Currently Professor at Sam Houston State University.
• Jan Sadlak, Director, UNESCO Education Sector, leading authority in the world of education.
• Patrice Houdayer, professor at AUDENCIA – Nantes Ecole de Management.
• Nawaz Sharif, Professor and Director of the Doctor of Management Program of the Graduate School of Management and Technology, Maryland University College,USA.

A former Director of UN-ESCAP’s Asian and Pacific Center for Transfer of Technology. Also a former V-President for Academic Affairs of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT, Bangkok).

The financial costs of functioning of this invisible college (seminars, books, travels, and administration) have been covered by UNESCO, Kozminski University, and the institutional and/or individual donors.

• individual decision making,
• risk perception and risk taking,
• strategic decision making (game theory and conflicts of interests),
• fairness and distributive justice,
• economic psychology (perception of economic phenomena, behavioral finance).

Centre is headed by Prof. Tadeusz Tyszka.  Our group is comprised of  LKAEM faculty and has a group of permanent collaborators from other scientific institutions from Poland. The Centre also collaborates with scholars around the world – among others:

• Professor Raymond Dacey, University of Idaho, USA,
• Professor Elton (Skip) McGoun, Bucknell University, Pennsylvania, USA,
• Professor Nassim Nicholas Taleb, New York University, USA.

Results of our research are published in international journals such as:

• Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Making,
• Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,
• Journal of Economic Psychology,
• Thinking and Reasoning,
  and others.

The Centre also edits its own multi-disciplinary journal in Polish - Decyzje [Decisions], devoted to  individual and strategic decision making. The Centre organizes 2-3 workshops per year – mostly for Polish participants, but from time to time also international workshops.
   
    In the last years, we were awarded grants from:

• The State Committee for Scientific Research,
• NBP – Polish Central Bank,
  
• Foundation for Polish Science,
  
• 5th Framework Programme EU,
• 6th Framework Programme EU.

Director of the Centre - Prof. Tadeusz Tyszka – has been active in the field of judgment and decision making for over twenty five years, both in basic/experimental as well as in applied contexts. He is an author of many Polish and international publications, an active researcher and organizer of academic life in this field. As a result of his developments in this field, he has been asked to speak at various international conferences:

• In 1993, he served as keynote speaker at the 18th IAREP (International Association for Research in Economic Psychology) Annual Colloquium, held in Moscow.
• In 2005, he was keynote speaker at the International Association for Research in Economic Psychology (IAREP) Annual Colloquium, held in Prague, September 22-24, 2005.
• In 2006, he was keynote speaker at the 26th International Congress of Applied Psychology, held in Athens, July 15-19, 2006.
• In 2007, he was keynote speaker at the European Association for Decision-Making (EADM /SPUDM) conference, held in Warsaw, September 19-23, 2007

Together with a group of European researchers, he helped in establishing the European Group for Process-Tracing Studies in Decision-Making, now meeting annually to consult graduate students in ongoing research and providing a forum to present their findings.

His influence has not been limited to research and fostering student development. He has also had the opportunity to partake in leadership positions, running organizations and organizing functions including:

• President of International Association for Research in Economic Psychology, 1992-1994.
• In 2006, president of the Economic Psychology Division in the International Association of Applied Psychology.
  
• Symposium on Rational Decision-Making and Anomalies, at the 26th International Congress of Applied Psychology, held in Athens, July 15-19, 2006.
• Symposium on Behavioral Finance and the Psychology of Investing, held in Warsaw, May 9-10, 2003.